{"id":14070,"date":"2020-06-11T10:31:43","date_gmt":"2020-06-11T08:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/charleroi-pourlapalestine.be\/?p=14070"},"modified":"2020-06-11T10:35:10","modified_gmt":"2020-06-11T08:35:10","slug":"le-spectre-dedward-said-et-la-fin-doslo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/charleroi-pourlapalestine.be\/index.php\/2020\/06\/11\/le-spectre-dedward-said-et-la-fin-doslo\/","title":{"rendered":"Le spectre d\u2019Edward Sa\u00efd et la fin d\u2019Oslo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce qu\u2019Edward Said avait pr\u00e9dit dans les ann\u00e9es 1990 est devenu r\u00e9alit\u00e9 : le projet de l\u2019OLP de cr\u00e9er deux \u00c9tats a \u00e9chou\u00e9. <\/em><\/p>\n

\"Edward

N\u00e9 Palestinien \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem le 1er novembre 1935 et d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 New York le 25 septembre 2003, Edward Sa\u00efd a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois un intellectuel renomm\u00e9 dans le domaine litt\u00e9raire (en litt\u00e9rature compar\u00e9e), de la critique musicale classique et des \u00e9tudes historiques, et un militant infatigable et critique de la cause palestinienne – Photo: archives<\/p><\/div>\n

Lorsque les d\u00e9sastreux Accords d\u2019Oslo<\/strong> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9s en 1993 sur la pelouse de la Maison Blanche \u00e0 Washington, certains ont exprim\u00e9 des critiques cinglantes et une profonde inqui\u00e9tude quant \u00e0 leurs dispositions et aux concessions majeures que les Palestiniens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints de faire.<\/p>\n

Les signataires palestiniens \u2013 men\u00e9s par le chef de l\u2019Organisation de lib\u00e9ration de la Palestine (OLP), Yasser Arafat<\/strong> \u2013 et leurs partisans ont relanc\u00e9 la question : Quelle est l\u2019alternative ? Ils pensaient peut-\u00eatre que cette question serait la question subsidiaire qui cl\u00f4turerait le d\u00e9bat et cacherait le fait que les accords \u00e9taient la poursuite de la nature coloniale de la relation entre les oppresseurs isra\u00e9liens et les opprim\u00e9s palestiniens.<\/p>\n

Le regrett\u00e9 Edward Sa\u00efd<\/strong>, un farouche opposant \u00e0 l\u2019accord, a relev\u00e9 le d\u00e9fi en octobre 1993 et a \u00e9crit un article proph\u00e9tique dans la London Review of Books intitul\u00e9 Oslo: \u00ab\u00a0Le jour d\u2019apr\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u2019appuyant sur ce qu\u2019il appelait le \u00ab bon sens \u00bb,<\/em> il pr\u00e9disait la situation tragique qui s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e apr\u00e8s 1993 ; ni plus, ni moins.<\/p>\n

Dans son style tr\u00e8s \u00e9loquent, il \u00e9crivait :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Afin d\u2019avancer vers l\u2019autod\u00e9termination palestinienne \u2013 qui n\u2019a de sens que si son objectif est la libert\u00e9, la souverainet\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, plut\u00f4t que l\u2019asservissement perp\u00e9tuel \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl \u2013 nous avons besoin d\u2019une reconnaissance honn\u00eate de notre situation \u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ce qu\u2019il a trouv\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement \u00ab mystifiant \u00bb<\/em> \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, c\u2019est<\/p>\n

\u00ab comment tant de dirigeants palestiniens et leurs intellectuels peuvent persister \u00e0 parler de l\u2019accord comme d\u2019une \u2018victoire’<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Le conseiller d\u2019Arafat, Nabil Shaath<\/strong>, par exemple, qualifiait l\u2019accord de \u00ab parit\u00e9 compl\u00e8te \u00bb<\/em> entre Isra\u00e9liens et Palestiniens.<\/p>\n

Au cours des ann\u00e9es qui ont suivi, Sa\u00efd<\/strong> a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 poser des questions \u00abembarrassantes\u00bb<\/em> <\/strong>dans ses articles publi\u00e9s dans Al-Ahram Weekly, Al-Hayat, Sharq Al-Awsat et d\u2019autres journaux et magazines : Isra\u00ebl, sous le gouvernement travailliste sioniste ashk\u00e9naze, a-t-il d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de reconna\u00eetre le peuple palestinien comme un peuple lorsqu\u2019il a sign\u00e9 les accords d\u2019Oslo ? Les Accords d\u2019Oslo ont-ils constitu\u00e9 un changement radical de l\u2019id\u00e9ologie sioniste \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des \u00ab goys non-juifs palestiniens \u00bb<\/em> ?<\/p>\n

Les accords ont-ils garanti l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019une paix globale et durable ? Et la direction actuelle de l\u2019OLP<\/strong> a-t-elle repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 les aspirations politiques et nationales du peuple palestinien ?<\/p>\n

Dans son livre, The End of The Peace Process<\/em>, il a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ces questions :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il n\u2019y a de pire n\u00e9gociation que des concessions sans fin qui ne font que prolonger l\u2019occupation isra\u00e9lienne. Isra\u00ebl est certainement heureux de pouvoir s\u2019attribuer le m\u00e9rite d\u2019avoir fait la paix, et en m\u00eame temps de poursuivre l\u2019occupation avec le consentement des Palestiniens \u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vingt-sept ans et de nombreuses concessions palestiniennes plus tard, tout ce que Sa\u00efd<\/strong> avait pr\u00e9dit s\u2019est malheureusement r\u00e9alis\u00e9. L\u2019OLP est aux prises avec une sombre r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qu\u2019elle a beaucoup contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er en acceptant de signer les accords d\u2019Oslo.<\/p>\n

Alors qu\u2019Isra\u00ebl s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 annexer 30 % de la Cisjordanie occup\u00e9e<\/strong>, le pr\u00e9sident Mahmoud Abbas<\/strong>, le prot\u00e9g\u00e9 et successeur d\u2019Arafat, a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9mettre une nouvelle s\u00e9rie de menaces vides de sens<\/strong>. Le 19 mai, il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la fin de la coop\u00e9ration en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des accords avec Isra\u00ebl et les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n

Cela est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la fin du r\u00eave d\u2019avoir un \u00c9tat palestinien \u00ab ind\u00e9pendant \u00bb<\/em> sur 22 % de la Palestine historique. C\u2019est la r\u00e9alisation de ce r\u00eave que les intellectuels pro-Oslo ont \u00e9lev\u00e9 au rang d\u2019objectif ultime justifiant le lourd tribut pay\u00e9 par les Palestiniens.<\/p>\n

Ils ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 nourrir cette illusion pendant 27 ans, refusant d\u2019admettre l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, politique et m\u00eame physique d\u2019\u00e9tablir un \u00c9tat palestinien v\u00e9ritablement souverain au milieu d\u2019un projet de colonisation active et d\u2019un manque de contigu\u00eft\u00e9 territoriale.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La douloureuse question que nous devons nous poser aujourd\u2019hui est de savoir si, depuis 1993, nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints d\u2019endurer d\u2019horribles massacres, un si\u00e8ge g\u00e9nocidaire, la saisie imparable de nos terres, la construction d\u2019un mur d\u2019apartheid, la d\u00e9tention d\u2019enfants et de familles enti\u00e8res, la d\u00e9molition de maisons et bien d\u2019autres abus uniquement parce qu\u2019une classe de compradores<\/strong> a vu l\u2019 \u00ab ind\u00e9pendance \u00bb<\/em> au bout d\u2019un tunnel sans issu.<\/p>\n

Il est temps pour nous, opposants \u00e0 l\u2019accord, de renvoyer une question aux partisans d\u2019Oslo : l\u2019accord lui-m\u00eame a-t-il jamais eu pour but de garantir les droits fondamentaux minimums du peuple palestinien colonis\u00e9, y compris la libert\u00e9 et l\u2019autod\u00e9termination ?<\/p>\n

Avant de d\u00e9c\u00e9der, Sa\u00efd<\/strong> a publi\u00e9 deux ouvrages, Isra\u00ebl-Palestine : une troisi\u00e8me voie<\/em><\/strong> et La seule alternative<\/strong><\/em>, dans lesquels il proposait une solution bas\u00e9e sur \u00ab l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 ou rien \u00bb<\/strong><\/em>, une solution qui peut se concr\u00e9tiser par l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un \u00c9tat d\u00e9mocratique la\u00efque en Palestine<\/strong> dans lequel tous les citoyens sont trait\u00e9s de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, ind\u00e9pendamment de leur religion, de leur sexe et de leur couleur de peau.<\/p>\n

Une paix globale, a-t-il postul\u00e9, signifie qu\u2019Isra\u00ebl, la puissance colonisatrice, devrait reconna\u00eetre le droit des Palestiniens \u00e0 exister en tant que peuple, leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019autod\u00e9termination et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong>, comme l\u2019ont fait les colonisateurs blancs en Afrique du Sud.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la fin d\u2019un de ces essais, il questionnait :<\/p>\n

\u00ab La direction palestinienne actuelle est-elle encore \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9coute ? Peut-elle sugg\u00e9rer quelque chose de mieux que cela, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 son bilan abyssal dans un \u2018processus de paix\u2019 qui a conduit aux horreurs actuelles ? \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Elle ne pouvait pas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque et elle ne peut pas aujourd\u2019hui. Il est grand temps que le peuple palestinien s\u2019\u00e9loigne de l\u2019illusion de la solution \u00e0 deux \u00c9tats<\/strong> et tente la voie d\u2019une approche d\u00e9mocratique, qui puisse garantir ses droits fondamentaux : la libert\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et la justice.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Publi\u00e9 le 6 juin 2020 sur Al Jazeera<\/a>
\nTraduction : Chronique de Palestine<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"Haidar Eid<\/strong> est \u00e9crivain et professeur de litt\u00e9rature postcoloniale \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Al-Aqsa \u00e0 Gaza<\/strong>, apr\u00e8s avoir enseign\u00e9 dans plusieurs universit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. V\u00e9t\u00e9ran dans le mouvement des droits nationaux palestiniens, c\u2019est un commentateur politique ind\u00e9pendant, auteur de nombreux articles sur la situation en Palestine.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez ce po\u00e8me que Mahmoud Darwich<\/a> avait \u00e9crit pour Edward Sa\u00efd<\/a> :<\/p>\n

Contrepoint [Pour Edward Sa\u00efd]<\/strong> de Mahmoud Darwich<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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