{"id":87454,"date":"2025-11-22T10:50:27","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T09:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/charleroi-pourlapalestine.be\/?p=87454"},"modified":"2025-11-22T10:50:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T09:50:27","slug":"comment-la-resolution-de-lonu-sur-gaza-cree-un-nouveau-mandat-etranger-sur-les-palestiniens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/charleroi-pourlapalestine.be\/index.php\/2025\/11\/22\/comment-la-resolution-de-lonu-sur-gaza-cree-un-nouveau-mandat-etranger-sur-les-palestiniens\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment la r\u00e9solution de l\u2019ONU sur Gaza cr\u00e9e un nouveau \u00ab mandat \u00bb \u00e9tranger sur les Palestiniens"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une force internationale utilisera \u00ab toutes les mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour ex\u00e9cuter son mandat \u00bb<\/em> \u00e0 Gaza, stipule la r\u00e9solution 2803<\/a> adopt\u00e9e par le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies le 17 novembre.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"La<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rayhan Uddin<\/strong>, 18 novembre 2025. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cette r\u00e9solution place le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019enclave palestinienne, avec des troupes multinationales au sein d\u2019une Force internationale de stabilisation (FIS) charg\u00e9es de superviser son plan en 20 points pour l\u2019avenir de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

Le terme \u00ab mandat \u00bb<\/em> est malheureusement trop familier dans le contexte de l\u2019ing\u00e9rence \u00e9trang\u00e8re dans les affaires palestiniennes.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un sch\u00e9ma colonial classique qui m\u00e9conna\u00eet totalement les droits et les aspirations du peuple autochtone \u00bb,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

d\u00e9clare Avi Shlaim, historien britannico-isra\u00e9lien, \u00e0 Middle East Eye.<\/p>\n

\u00ab En ce sens, il est comparable au mandat britannique sur la Palestine. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Helena Cobban, auteure de l\u2019ouvrage \u00ab Understanding Hamas: And Why That Matters \u00bb<\/em> (Comprendre le Hamas : et pourquoi c\u2019est important), a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019\u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue, le terme \u00ab mandat \u00bb<\/em> n\u2019est qu\u2019un terme technique.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Mais pour tous les habitants de l\u2019Asie de l\u2019Ouest, il est lourd de sens historique \u00bb,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

a-t-elle expliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 MEE.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les mandats accord\u00e9s \u00e0 la Grande-Bretagne et \u00e0 la France apr\u00e8s la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale dans les anciens territoires ottomans reposaient sur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se, intrins\u00e8quement colonialiste, que les populations de ces r\u00e9gions n\u2019\u00e9taient pas, d\u2019une mani\u00e8re ou d\u2019une autre, \u00ab pr\u00eates \u00bb \u00e0 l\u2019autonomie. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pr\u00e8s d\u2019un si\u00e8cle plus tard, les puissances mondiales reprennent le contr\u00f4le du territoire palestinien pour ce qui est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une p\u00e9riode de transition.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9solution 2803, adopt\u00e9e lundi par 13 voix contre 0 et 2 abstentions, pr\u00e9voit la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un \u00ab conseil de paix \u00bb<\/em> charg\u00e9 de superviser les troupes multinationales, les technocrates palestiniens et une force de police locale pour une dur\u00e9e de deux ans.<\/p>\n

Rejet\u00e9e par le Hamas et plusieurs autres factions palestiniennes, la r\u00e9solution b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie toutefois du soutien de l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 palestinienne (AP).<\/p>\n

Le texte fait une allusion vague et \u00e9vasive \u00e0 \u00ab l\u2018autod\u00e9termination et \u00e0 la reconnaissance d\u2019un \u00c9tat palestinien \u00bb<\/em>, sous r\u00e9serve du respect de certaines conditions.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il s\u2019agit de conditionner un droit fondamental : le droit \u00e0 l\u2019autod\u00e9termination \u00bb,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 MEE Daniel Levy, analyste britannico-isra\u00e9lien et ancien n\u00e9gociateur de paix.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il transforme le garant du droit international, l\u2019ONU, en un organe qui le sape. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Outre les 13 membres du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019ONU, le texte a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 par plusieurs \u00c9tats \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 musulmane et arabes, dont l\u2019\u00c9gypte, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, le Qatar, l\u2019Arabie saoudite, la Turquie et l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie (et l’Alg\u00e9rie, NDLR).<\/p>\n

La Russie et la Chine se sont abstenues lors du vote. Bien que la Russie ait qualifi\u00e9 la r\u00e9solution de \u00ab coloniale \u00bb<\/em>, il est important de noter que les deux pays n\u2019ont pas utilis\u00e9 leur droit de veto. Levy a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le soutien de l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 palestinienne au plan permettait aux \u00c9tats \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 musulmane et aux \u00c9tats arabes de l\u2019appuyer, ce qui, \u00e0 son tour, emp\u00eachait la Russie et la Chine d\u2019y opposer leur veto.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Une fois que les \u00c9tats \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 musulmane l\u2019ont soutenu, personne n\u2019allait faire d\u00e9fection \u00bb,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

a affirm\u00e9 Levy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00e9ticence \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer des forces<\/h3>\n

Le Hamas a rejet\u00e9 la r\u00e9solution, d\u00e9clarant qu\u2019il n\u2019acceptait pas la notion de d\u00e9sarmement et que le texte ne r\u00e9pondait pas aux droits et aux revendications des Palestiniens.<\/p>\n

Le refus du groupe de d\u00e9sarmer pose probl\u00e8me aux troupes multinationales.<\/p>\n

La probabilit\u00e9 que des forces internationales de maintien de la paix soient d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es \u00e0 Gaza pour participer \u00e0 la destruction des infrastructures \u00ab terroristes \u00bb<\/em>, comme le pr\u00e9voit la r\u00e9solution, est faible tant que le Hamas est pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n

Shlaim a fait remarquer que l\u2019arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne n\u2019\u00e9tait pas parvenue \u00e0 d\u00e9sarmer le Hamas apr\u00e8s deux ans de bombardements incessants.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Alors, comment un organisme international pourrait-il y parvenir ? Et quel pays arabe accepterait de faire le sale boulot d\u2019Isra\u00ebl ? \u00bb,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

a-t-il demand\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un plan visant \u00e0 instaurer un contr\u00f4le isra\u00e9lien ind\u00e9fini sur Gaza. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mme Cobban a reconnu que les acteurs r\u00e9gionaux seraient r\u00e9ticents.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Si la puissance militaire isra\u00e9lienne, si longtemps vant\u00e9e, s\u2019av\u00e9rait incapable de vaincre la r\u00e9sistance palestinienne \u00e0 Gaza, aucun officier d\u2019\u00e9tat-major des arm\u00e9es arabes ou musulmanes envisageant de rejoindre les Forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 isra\u00e9liennes ne souhaitera que ses forces tentent une telle chose \u00bb,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le Hamas a manifest\u00e9 une certaine volont\u00e9 de r\u00e9duire son armement et ses effectifs : il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9sarmer et d\u2019int\u00e9grer ses capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019arm\u00e9e d\u2019un \u00c9tat palestinien ind\u00e9pendant.<\/p>\n

Mme Cobban souligne que cette approche est courante pour les forces de lutte anticoloniales tout au long du processus de d\u00e9colonisation.<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 l\u2019impasse actuelle concernant le d\u00e9sarmement, la mise en \u0153uvre de la r\u00e9solution demeure incertaine.<\/p>\n

Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, le fait que le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019ONU ait approuv\u00e9 sans r\u00e9serve un plan \u00e9labor\u00e9 sous l\u2019administration Trump, avec le soutien partiel d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, est hautement significatif. Cobban s\u2019est interrog\u00e9e sur les raisons pour lesquelles tant de membres du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont \u00ab c\u00e9d\u00e9 si compl\u00e8tement \u00bb<\/em> et pourquoi la Russie et la Chine n\u2019ont pas utilis\u00e9 leur droit de veto.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 hier au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 a jet\u00e9 le discr\u00e9dit sur l\u2019ONU elle-m\u00eame \u00bb,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019organisation et tout ce qu\u2019elle repr\u00e9sente sont d\u00e9sormais au bord de la crise, et il lui faudra peut-\u00eatre beaucoup de temps pour s\u2019en remettre, si tant est qu\u2019elle puisse un jour s\u2019en remettre. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

*****<\/p>\n

Publi\u00e9 le 18 novembre 2025 sur Middle East Eye<\/a>
\nTraduction : MR pour ISM-France<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une force internationale utilisera \u00ab toutes les mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour ex\u00e9cuter son mandat \u00bb \u00e0 Gaza, stipule la r\u00e9solution 2803 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87455,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[433,145,147,156,598,52,6,785,126,134,50,192,146,148,464],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-algerie","category-arabie-saoudite","category-chine","category-egypte","category-emirats-arabes-unis-eau","category-la-cour-penale-internationale","category-gaza","category-indonesie","category-israel","category-le-monde-et-la-palestine","category-les-nations-unies","category-palestine","category-qatar","category-russie","category-turquie"],"yoast_head":"\nComment la r\u00e9solution de l\u2019ONU sur Gaza cr\u00e9e un nouveau 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